{
  "apiVersion": 1,
  "kind": "work-order",
  "purpose": "Taking the firearm apart for a job such as refinishing, and putting it back together to specification.",
  "firearm": {
    "slug": "winchester-model-12",
    "name": "Winchester Model 12",
    "manufacturer": {
      "id": "winchester",
      "name": "Winchester Repeating Arms"
    },
    "category": "shotgun",
    "action": "pump-action",
    "calibers": [
      "12 gauge",
      "16 gauge",
      "20 gauge",
      "28 gauge"
    ],
    "alsoKnownAs": [
      "Model 1912",
      "The Perfect Repeater"
    ],
    "coversAlso": [
      "Model 12 Field, Skeet, Trap, and Riot configurations"
    ],
    "page": "firearms/winchester-model-12.html",
    "bundle": "api/v1/firearms/winchester-model-12.json",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-29"
  },
  "notices": [
    "This work order is written for the Winchester Model 12. It is reported to cover Model 12 Field, Skeet, Trap, and Riot configurations — if the firearm on the bench is one of those, check the torque notes: values do not always carry over.",
    "No torque values are recorded for this firearm. Get them from the manufacturer or a gunsmith; do not estimate."
  ],
  "disclaimer": {
    "headline": "Read this before you use anything here.",
    "points": [
      "This is a guide, not an authority. Entries are compiled from manufacturer manuals, technical manuals, published references, and community knowledge. Some of it comes from sources that are not authoritative, and some of it may simply be wrong.",
      "Always consult the manufacturer's manual for your specific firearm and serial-number range. Manufacturers change designs mid-production without renaming the model. The manual that shipped with your firearm outranks anything on this site.",
      "Consult a licensed gunsmith for anything beyond routine field stripping and cleaning, for any firearm you are unsure about, and for any procedure marked as gunsmith-recommended here.",
      "Treat every firearm as loaded. Verify it is unloaded, with the magazine removed and the chamber physically and visually checked, before any procedure in this database. Point it in a safe direction the entire time.",
      "Disassembly can damage a firearm or injure you. Springs are under tension, parts can launch, and reassembling a firearm incorrectly can make it unsafe to fire in a way that is not obvious from the outside. If a reassembled firearm does not pass a function check, stop and see a gunsmith.",
      "Torque values are shown in two groups. Values from the manufacturer or the issuing military are shown as such, with the document they came from. Values reported by anyone else — parts makers, gunsmithing publishers, articles, forums — are shown separately with who said them, how reliable that source is, and their exact words. Those are not specifications. Confirm any torque value with the manufacturer or a licensed gunsmith before relying on it.",
      "Nothing here is legal advice. Firearms law varies by country, state, and city, and some modifications or configurations are regulated or prohibited. You are responsible for knowing and following the law where you are.",
      "No warranty of any kind. Contributors and maintainers accept no liability for damage, injury, or loss arising from use of this material."
    ],
    "page": "disclaimer.html",
    "legal": {
      "summary": "Legal notice: this material is third-party information compiled from sources of varying reliability and is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not gunsmithing, technical, safety or legal advice, it is not verified or endorsed by any manufacturer, and it must not be taken as fact. Any work on a firearm beyond the routine field stripping described in its own owner's manual should be performed only by a licensed and insured gunsmith. You use this material entirely at your own risk. Fundamental Build LLC and the project's contributors make no warranty of any kind and accept no liability for death, injury, damage or loss arising from its use. Full terms: LEGAL.md.",
      "page": "legal.html",
      "notice": "https://github.com/Fundamental-build-LLC/Pew-Takedown/blob/main/LEGAL.md"
    }
  },
  "sourcing": {
    "confidence": "medium",
    "verification": "community-reviewed"
  },
  "manufacturerDisassembly": {
    "status": "not-recorded",
    "limit": null,
    "statement": null,
    "source": null
  },
  "recalls": [],
  "shopTier": {
    "tier": 3,
    "group": "shotgun",
    "rating": "Pew-Takedown editorial rating (1 easy – 3 hardest), not the manufacturer's",
    "reason": "At least 65 key-numbered parts in a fitted, hammerless pump whose trigger guard parts American Rifleman says are gunsmith-only, with staked music-wire springs in the slide release, a left-hand-threaded carrier pivot, and an order-dependent reassembly (bolt fully seated before the retaining lever enters, cut-off that falls out until the guard is in). Older guns also need the takedown adjusting sleeve set.",
    "confidence": "medium",
    "partCount": {
      "value": 65,
      "kind": "line-items",
      "covers": "LOWER BOUND: highest key number cited in the text of American Rifleman's labelled exploded view (carrier assembly 60-65); the legend itself is an image and was not read. The entry's own list (TM 9-285",
      "basis": "publication-diagram",
      "source": {
        "title": "Exploded View: Winchester Model 12",
        "publisher": "American Rifleman (NRA)",
        "reliability": "secondary",
        "url": "https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2020/12/12/exploded-view-winchester-model-12",
        "page": null,
        "pdfPage": null,
        "pageUrl": null,
        "quote": "Note that the carrier assembly (60-65) may be removed from the guard by unscrewing the carrier pivot (64), which has a left-hand thread."
      }
    },
    "painPoints": [
      {
        "issue": "American Rifleman warns the guard assembly parts are not to be stripped and parts 50-59 are for a qualified gunsmith; the carrier pivot also has a left-hand thread that is easy to strip by turning the wrong way.",
        "during": "both",
        "source": {
          "title": "Exploded View: Winchester Model 12",
          "publisher": "American Rifleman (NRA)",
          "reliability": "secondary",
          "url": "https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2020/12/12/exploded-view-winchester-model-12",
          "page": null,
          "pdfPage": null,
          "pageUrl": null,
          "quote": "Further disassembly of parts contained within the guard assembly should not be attempted, and replacement of parts 50 through 59 should be made only by a qualified gunsmith."
        }
      },
      {
        "issue": "The bolt has to be fully seated before the friction-held retaining lever will enter its groove, and the shell cut-off is loose and falls out until the trigger guard group is installed, so the order is fixed.",
        "during": "reassembly",
        "source": {
          "title": "TM 9-285, Shotguns, All Types",
          "publisher": "War Department",
          "reliability": "primary",
          "url": "https://archive.org/download/TM9-285/TM9-285.pdf",
          "page": null,
          "pdfPage": null,
          "pageUrl": null,
          "quote": "The cut-off is liable to fall out, until the trigger guard is in place."
        }
      },
      {
        "issue": "The bolt retaining lever must be depressed with a tool and the bolt fully forward; forcing it damages the gun.",
        "during": "reassembly",
        "source": {
          "title": "TM 9-285, Shotguns, All Types",
          "publisher": "War Department",
          "reliability": "primary",
          "url": "https://archive.org/download/TM9-285/TM9-285.pdf",
          "page": null,
          "pdfPage": null,
          "pageUrl": null,
          "quote": "end of the bolt must be fully seated before the rear end of the lever will enter its groove in receiver. Do not force)."
        }
      },
      {
        "issue": "The slide release in the trigger group is controlled by two tiny straight wire springs set in grooves and staked in place, a semi-permanent assembly that is hard to service.",
        "during": "both",
        "source": {
          "title": "Winchester Model 12 Trigger Group Repair",
          "publisher": "Canadian Gun Nutz",
          "reliability": "anecdotal",
          "url": "https://www.canadiangunnutz.com/forum/threads/winchester-model-12-trigger-group-repair.2004396",
          "page": null,
          "pdfPage": null,
          "pageUrl": null,
          "quote": "The springs are set in tiny grooves, the butt end fitting into a tiny hole, and the edges of the grooves are staked to secure them. Semi-permanent assembly."
        }
      }
    ],
    "minutes": {
      "strip": 75,
      "rebuild": 110,
      "basis": "estimated",
      "note": "Strip of takedown joint, magazine and slide groups, trigger guard group (carrier on left-hand pivot), breech bolt (retractor, extractors, retaining lever), ejector and cut-off; rebuild long for order dependency and the adjusting sleeve.",
      "source": null
    },
    "stripScope": [
      {
        "assembly": "Barrel / magazine / slide",
        "removes": [
          "takedown: magazine locking pin and barrel quarter turn",
          "magazine plug screw, spring and follower",
          "action slide and handle",
          "adjusting sleeve and lock screw"
        ]
      },
      {
        "assembly": "Receiver",
        "removes": [
          "guard screw and trigger guard group",
          "breech bolt (retaining lever)",
          "ejector and shell cut-off"
        ]
      },
      {
        "assembly": "Trigger guard group",
        "removes": [
          "carrier assembly off the left-hand-thread carrier pivot",
          "slide release and its staked wire springs (leave unless broken)",
          "parts 50-59 (gunsmith only per American Rifleman)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "assembly": "Breech bolt",
        "removes": [
          "firing pin retractor screw, retractor and spring",
          "left extractor, spring and pin",
          "right extractor, plunger and spring",
          "breech bolt retaining lever and pin"
        ]
      },
      {
        "assembly": "Stock",
        "removes": [
          "butt plate screws",
          "stock bolt"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "hardware": {
      "pins": 1,
      "springs": 3,
      "detents": 0,
      "basis": "counted from the manufacturer's parts list (one per key number unless a quantity is given)"
    },
    "specialTools": [
      {
        "tool": "Long-shank screwdriver / stock tool",
        "usedFor": "Stock bolt"
      },
      {
        "tool": "Punch set",
        "usedFor": "Extractor and retaining lever pins"
      },
      {
        "tool": "Takedown adjusting sleeve wrench or drift",
        "usedFor": "Adjusting sleeve on the barrel extension"
      }
    ],
    "fitOnRebuild": [
      {
        "check": "Takedown joint adjusted tight",
        "why": "A loose joint batters the gun and is dangerous; the adjusting sleeve is reset rather than shooting it loose.",
        "source": null
      },
      {
        "check": "Bolt fully seated before the retaining lever enters its groove",
        "why": "Forcing it damages the gun.",
        "source": {
          "title": "TM 9-285, Shotguns, All Types",
          "publisher": "War Department",
          "reliability": "primary",
          "url": "https://archive.org/download/TM9-285/TM9-285.pdf",
          "page": null,
          "pdfPage": null,
          "pageUrl": null,
          "quote": "end of the bolt must be fully seated before the rear end of the lever will enter its groove in receiver. Do not force)."
        }
      },
      {
        "check": "Function check: safety, trigger/sear release, disconnector and feeding with dummy rounds",
        "why": "Standard after any detail strip; a mis-assembled sear or disconnector can double or fail to fire.",
        "source": null
      }
    ],
    "assessed": "2026-10-29"
  },
  "videos": [],
  "configurations": [],
  "tools": [],
  "phases": [
    {
      "id": "clear",
      "title": "Clear and make safe",
      "steps": [
        {
          "n": 1,
          "instruction": "Point the muzzle in a safe direction and keep your finger off the trigger."
        },
        {
          "n": 2,
          "instruction": "Engage the crossbolt safety in the trigger guard."
        },
        {
          "n": 3,
          "instruction": "Press the action slide lock and pull the forend rearward to open the action.",
          "partsFreed": [
            "Chambered shell, if present"
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 4,
          "instruction": "Cycle the action repeatedly, catching each shell as it ejects, until no more shells feed from the magazine tube."
        },
        {
          "n": 5,
          "instruction": "With the action open, inspect the chamber and look up the magazine tube with a light.",
          "warning": "The chamber AND the tube."
        },
        {
          "n": 6,
          "instruction": "Physically confirm the chamber is empty and remove all live ammunition from the work area."
        }
      ],
      "videos": []
    },
    {
      "id": "disassemble",
      "title": "Disassemble",
      "videos": [],
      "procedures": [
        {
          "procedure": "field-strip",
          "title": "Field Strip — Takedown",
          "level": "field-strip",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "Complete the Clear and Make Safe procedure."
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Pull the action slide lock and move the forend partway rearward."
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "Unscrew or release the takedown collar at the front of the receiver.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "(collar released)"
              ]
            },
            {
              "n": 4,
              "instruction": "Rotate the barrel and magazine assembly a quarter turn and separate it from the receiver.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Barrel and magazine tube assembly"
              ]
            },
            {
              "n": 5,
              "instruction": "Clean the bore from the breech end of the separated barrel, and clean the bolt face, chamber, and receiver interior."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "procedure": "trigger-guard-group-removal",
          "title": "Remove the trigger guard group",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "Remove the barrel, magazine and action slide group first."
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Turn the receiver bottom side up and unscrew the guard screw from the rear end of the guard.",
              "tip": "The guard group can be removed without removing the butt stock.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Guard screw"
              ]
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "Pull the guard, with the carrier attached, upward and to the rear out of the receiver.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Trigger guard group with carrier"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-removal",
          "title": "Remove the ejector, shell cut-off and breech bolt",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "With the guard group removed and the breech bolt in the forward position, pry the ejector out of the left inner wall of the receiver.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Ejector"
              ]
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Pry the shell cut-off out of the lower left inner wall of the receiver, if it has not already fallen out.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Shell cut-off"
              ]
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "Reach into the receiver with a screwdriver or similar tool and depress the rear end of the breech bolt retaining lever in the left face of the bolt."
            },
            {
              "n": 4,
              "instruction": "Slide the breech bolt to the rear and lift it from the receiver.",
              "partsFreed": [
                "Breech bolt group"
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "refinish",
      "title": "Refinish",
      "components": [
        {
          "name": "(collar released)",
          "procedure": "field-strip",
          "level": "field-strip",
          "step": 3
        },
        {
          "name": "Barrel and magazine tube assembly",
          "procedure": "field-strip",
          "level": "field-strip",
          "step": 4
        },
        {
          "name": "Guard screw",
          "procedure": "trigger-guard-group-removal",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "step": 2
        },
        {
          "name": "Trigger guard group with carrier",
          "procedure": "trigger-guard-group-removal",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "step": 3
        },
        {
          "name": "Ejector",
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-removal",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "step": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "Shell cut-off",
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-removal",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "step": 2
        },
        {
          "name": "Breech bolt group",
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-removal",
          "level": "detail-strip",
          "step": 4
        }
      ],
      "manufacturerPartsList": {
        "parts": 20,
        "scope": "PARTIAL: TM 9-285 Figure 20 lettered legend, \"Barrel, Magazine and Action Slide Groups—Disassembled View—Winchester Shotgun M12 (Take-down)\". Receiver, bolt, carrier and trigger parts have no legend list."
      },
      "partsDiagrams": [],
      "materials": [],
      "note": "The components the procedures above separate. Coating, masking and cure are outside this database; follow your coating system's instructions. A part the manufacturer marks \"factory fit\" should not be swapped or reworked."
    },
    {
      "id": "reassemble",
      "title": "Reassemble",
      "videos": [],
      "procedures": [
        {
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-removal",
          "title": "Remove the ejector, shell cut-off and breech bolt",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": null,
          "instruction": "Reverse the steps of \"Remove the ejector, shell cut-off and breech bolt\"."
        },
        {
          "procedure": "trigger-guard-group-removal",
          "title": "Remove the trigger guard group",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": null,
          "instruction": "Reverse the steps of \"Remove the trigger guard group\"."
        },
        {
          "procedure": "breech-bolt-group-replacement",
          "title": "Replace the breech bolt, ejector and shell cut-off",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "Clean, lightly oil and lubricate the parts before replacing them."
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Test the breech bolt retaining lever before installing the bolt; it is held by friction and should work stiffly."
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "With the receiver bottom side up, drop the breech bolt, rounded face down and extractors forward, into the rear of the receiver."
            },
            {
              "n": 4,
              "instruction": "Push the bolt forward to the locked position."
            },
            {
              "n": 5,
              "instruction": "With a screwdriver or similar tool, depress the forward end of the breech bolt retaining lever.",
              "warning": "The rear end of the bolt must be fully seated before the rear end of the lever will enter its groove in the receiver. Do not force."
            },
            {
              "n": 6,
              "instruction": "With the bolt locked, insert the ejector into its aperture in the left inner wall of the receiver behind the bolt, disk-shaped head to the rear and spring toward the receiver."
            },
            {
              "n": 7,
              "instruction": "Press the ejector down into its aperture until its head is flush with the inner face of the receiver."
            },
            {
              "n": 8,
              "instruction": "Insert the shell cut-off into its aperture in the lower left inner wall just behind the magazine opening, enlarged curved end forward in its mating groove and cylindrical stud in its pivot hole, so that it lies flush in its groove.",
              "tip": "The cut-off is liable to fall out until the trigger guard is in place."
            }
          ],
          "instruction": null
        },
        {
          "procedure": "trigger-guard-group-replacement",
          "title": "Replace the trigger guard group",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "Make sure the breech bolt is installed and in the forward locked position."
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Cock the hammer."
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "Grasp the guard by the bow and insert its forward end downward and forward at a slight angle into the receiver."
            },
            {
              "n": 4,
              "instruction": "Mate the forward end of the guard with the receiver, then press the rear end down until it slides into the receiver and the screw holes in guard and receiver line up.",
              "warning": "When properly mated the guard should position easily. Do not force."
            },
            {
              "n": 5,
              "instruction": "Replace the guard screw and turn it down snugly."
            }
          ],
          "instruction": null
        },
        {
          "procedure": "reassembly",
          "title": "Reassembly",
          "configuration": false,
          "steps": [
            {
              "n": 1,
              "instruction": "Align the barrel and magazine assembly with the receiver and rotate it a quarter turn to engage."
            },
            {
              "n": 2,
              "instruction": "Tighten the takedown collar until the halves are snug with no perceptible play.",
              "warning": "Adjust the collar rather than shooting a loose joint. Looseness here damages the gun and is dangerous."
            },
            {
              "n": 3,
              "instruction": "Cycle the action several times and perform the function check."
            }
          ],
          "instruction": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "torque",
      "title": "Torque",
      "coverage": "none-recorded",
      "manufacturer": [],
      "reported": [],
      "notes": "The manufacturer's documents give no torque value. They say: \"Replace guard screw and turn down snugly.\" (TM 9-285 Shotguns, All Types (War Department Technical Manual, 21 Sept 1942), PDF p. 56)"
    },
    {
      "id": "function-check",
      "title": "Function check",
      "checks": [
        "Verify the shotgun is unloaded — chamber and magazine tube — before each step.",
        "Cycle the action fully and confirm it locks closed.",
        "With the hammer cocked, engage the safety and press the trigger. The hammer must not fall.",
        "Disengage the safety and press the trigger. The hammer should fall.",
        "Load two dummy shells into the magazine and confirm they feed and eject one at a time.",
        "Confirm the magazine cap or takedown fastener is tight.",
        "Determine whether your gun slam fires: with the action cocked and the trigger held to the rear, cycle the action fully. If it fires, there is no disconnector.",
        "Confirm the takedown joint is snug with no play."
      ],
      "videos": []
    }
  ],
  "troubleshooting": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "id": null,
      "title": "Winchester Model 12 Shotgun Instructions",
      "publisher": "Winchester Repeating Arms",
      "reliability": "primary",
      "url": null,
      "accessed": null
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "id": "u-s-war-department-24b2ec",
      "title": "TM 9-285 Shotguns, All Types (War Department Technical Manual, 21 Sept 1942)",
      "publisher": "U.S. War Department",
      "reliability": "primary",
      "url": "https://archive.org/details/TM9-285",
      "accessed": "2026-09-27"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "id": "winchester-model-12-parts-manual",
      "title": "TM 9-285, Shotguns, All Types",
      "publisher": "War Department",
      "reliability": "primary",
      "url": "https://archive.org/download/TM9-285/TM9-285.pdf",
      "accessed": "2026-09-27"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "id": "tier-d730bccf",
      "title": "Exploded View: Winchester Model 12",
      "publisher": "American Rifleman (NRA)",
      "reliability": "secondary",
      "url": "https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2020/12/12/exploded-view-winchester-model-12",
      "accessed": "2026-10-29"
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "id": "tier-cb77d63f",
      "title": "Winchester Model 12 Trigger Group Repair",
      "publisher": "Canadian Gun Nutz",
      "reliability": "anecdotal",
      "url": "https://www.canadiangunnutz.com/forum/threads/winchester-model-12-trigger-group-repair.2004396",
      "accessed": "2026-10-29"
    }
  ]
}